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Evolution of the Gatling Gun PDF Print E-mail
Written by beaver   
Friday, 04 July 2008 16:33

The Gatling gun was a weapon that used multiple rotating barrels to produce continuous bursts of fire. It was the first highly successful rapid-repeating firearm by combining reliability, high firing rate and ease of loading into a single device.

gatling gun 1865

In 1862 Richard Jordan Gatling, took out a patent for a mechanical gun that he developed. The Gatling Gun consisted of six barrels mounted in a revolving frame. A later version with ten barrels, fired 320 rounds a minute. The United States Army purchased these guns in 1865 and over the next few years most major armies in Europe purchased the gun. In 1870 Gatling opened a new factory in Hartford, Connecticut to produce his gun. He continued to improve the Gatling Gun and by 1882 it could fire up to 1,200 rounds per minute. However, sales of the gun declined after Hiram Maxim began producing his automatic Maxim Machine Gun.

 

 

 

 

 

The evolution of the Gatling Gun can be see best here in this pictures! Enjoy !

First Gatling Gun(1862)

 first gatling

Gatling Gun(1874)

A group of men, pose with a gatling gun in the Philippines

 gatling gun

Gatling Gun(1883)

Gatling gun(Vietnam) Fixed thanks to comments!Thanks again guys!

 gatling m61

The success of Gatling’s automatic gun encouraged others to enter the market. In 1879 the Gardner Machine Gun was demonstrated for the first time. A two-barrelled weapon operated by crank which loaded and fired each barrel in turn. The feed system was a grooved strip into which the rims of a box of cartridges could be slid, after which the box was removed. In public trials the gun fired 10,000 rounds in 27 minutes. This impressed military leaders from Britain and the following year the British Army purchased the gun.
gatling gun

Modern Gatling Gun

Although unused for many years, Gatling guns made a return when very-high rate-of-fire weapons were needed in military aircrift and ship-based CIWS with electric motors handling rotation. One of the main reasons for the resurgence is the tolerance for high-volume fire. For example, if 2000 rounds were fired non-stop from a five-barreled Gatling gun, it would mean 400 rounds per barrel, which would be acceptable. The same amount through a machine gun of the same caliber would mean 2000 rounds per (its only) barrel, resulting in overheating and probable damage.

 

Recommended Videos
Old Gatling gun in slow motion
Modern Gatling Gun

Wikipedia
http://tri.army.mil

 
Best pistols PDF Print E-mail
Written by beaver   
Friday, 04 July 2008 15:11

Did you ever wanted to know what are the best pistols?Read about best pistols,and later write in comments what pistol would you like to own…
Before i begin writing about best pistols i need to write that,i didn’t try most of the pistols.These pistols maybe aren’t best but are in top 10 for sure.I talked to few guys that work in military and they agreed about this list.If you think that i need to add,edit or remove any of guns i added please write comment or mail me This e-mail address is being protected from spambots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it informations are from wikipedia,and official sites of this guns.Thanks


TT-33
7,62mm Samozarjadnyi Pistolet Tokareva obrazets 1933 goda (Russian: 7,62)

The Tokarev TT (Tula, Tokarev) pistol was developed as a result of continuous trials, held by the Red Army in the mid- and late 1920s. Red Army looked for a new, modern semiautomatic pistol to replace obsolete Nagant M1895 revolvers and a variety of foreign semi-automatic pistols.
The Tokarev TT is a short recoil operated, locked breech pistol. It uses Browning swinging link system, borrowed from the Colt M1911 pistol, modified to simplify production.

tokarev tt 33

Production of the TT-33 in the USSR ended in 1954, but copies (licensed or otherwise) were also made by China (as the Type 51, Type 54, M20, and TU-90), Poland and Hungary (as the M48), as well as an export version for Egypt (the Tokagypt 58 chambered in 9 mm Parabellum), Yugoslavia (as the M57 and M70A) and North Korea (as the Type 68).

Chambering: 7.62×25mm TT (7.63 mm Mauser)
Type: Single action
Weight: 910 g
Length: 116 mm
Capacity: 8 rounds

Desert eagle
Magnum Research, Inc. patented the basic design of the Desert Eagle in 1980, and the first working prototype of the pistol was completed in 1981. It was about 80% functional, with a rotating bolt, full gas operation and excellent shooting characteristics. The final refinements to the pistol were made by Israel Military Industries (IMI), under contract to Magnum Research, Inc.

 Desert eagle

In 1987, the .41 Magnum Desert Eagle Pistol (not currently in production) was introduced to fill a specific market niche. In 1989, the Mark VII model of the Desert Eagle became standard. All Desert Eagle Pistols manufactured since 1989 have Mark VII features: enlarged safety levers, an enlarged slide release and an improved, two-stage trigger.

Today Desert eagle pistols are used for competition shooting (in disciplines like Silhouette shooting) as well as for hunting and general plinking (although the cost of gun and its ammunition makes it rather expensive fun gun). General belief of the Desert Eagle being used by various Special Operation forces so far found absolutely NO proofs.

During the same period the basic design was upgraded to current Mark XIX specifications. Key improvement was the adoption of one frame size for all calibers (before that, mark I and Mark VII pistols had different frame sizes for different calibers)

Desert Eagle is a gas operated, locked breech weapon that uses stationary (but removable) barrel.

data for Mark XIX pistols
Type: Single Action
Chambering: .357 Magnum, .41 Magnum (obsolete), .44 Magnum, .440 Cor-bon, .50 AE
Length overall: 10.24 in. - 260mm
Weight: 62 oz. - 1,715 g empty
Barrel length: 6 in. - 152 mm (also 10? - 254 mm)
Magazine: 9 (.357), 8 (.44) or 7 (.50) rounds

Beretta 92
Originally designed for the Italian army and police, the Model 92 pistols earned most of their fame (both good and bad) as the standard sidearm of the US military. It was developed between 1970 and 1975.

 Bereta 92

Beretta 92 pistols are short-recoil operated, locked-breech weapons with an aluminium frame.

Caliber: 9×19mm Luger/Para; also .40SW in Mod.96 and 9×21mm IMI in mod.98
Action: Double action
Overall Length: 217 mm (197 mm Compact versions)
Barrel Length: 125 mm (109 mm Compact versions)
Weight Unloaded: 950-975 grams, depending on model
Capacity: 15 rounds (all 92 and 98 models except compact); 13 rounds (92 Compact); 11 rounds (mod.96 in .40SW); 8 rounds (92 Compact type M)

HK Mk.23 SOCOM
This handgun was developed under request from US SOCOM (Special Operations Command). In general, the Mk.23 mod.0 is an extremely reliable and quite powerful combat pistol, the only drawback being a somewhat excessive size and weight.
Heckler-Koch also produced a civilian version of the Mk.23 mod.0 pistol, designated as Mark 23, which is sold with 10-rounds magazines, to comply with US laws.
The Mk.23 mod.0 is a short recoil operated, locked breech semiautomatic pistol.

Socom

Caliber: .45 ACP
Action: Double Action
Length: 245 mm
Height: 150 mm
Width: 38,8 mm
Weight: 1100 g
Magazine capacity: 12 rounds

HS 2000 / Springfield Armory XD
HS2000 pistol has been developed by Croatian IM Metal company for Croatian army during late 1990s. Production of the 9mm HS2000 started in 1999, with the first pistols being delivered to the Croatian army the same year. In 2000 these pistols first appeared in the USA, initially imported under their original name. However, in late 2001 the Springfield Armory Company of Genseo, Illinois, became the sole importer of HS2000 pistols in USA. Springfield offers a slightly improved version of HS2000 as the Springfield XD (eXtreme Duty pistol), and by now these pistols (still made in Croatia) are available in a variety of sizes, calibers and finishes.

hs2000

these pistols gained good reputation and serious following among American shooters, and by now several police departments in USA either issue these pistols on regular basis or approve them for personal purchase by police officers.

The HS2000 is short-recoil operated, locked-breech pistol with a polymer frame.

springfield armory

XD Sub-compact
HS2000 / XD 4?
XD Tactical
Type
Single Action semiautomatic
Caliber(s)
9×19mm, .357SIG, .40SW, .45GAP, .45ACP
Weight unloaded
590 g
650 g
890 g (925g in .45acp)
Length
159 mm
180 mm
203 mm (205mm in .45acp)
Barrel length
76 mm
102 mm
127 mm
Magazine capacity
10 (9mm) or 9 (.40) rounds
16 (9mm), 12 (.357 or .40), 9 (.45GAP) or 13 (.45ACP) rounds
16 (9mm), 12 (.357 or .40), 9 (.45GAP) or 13 (.45ACP) rounds
hs 2000

Thanks for reading and don’t forget to write comment!

 
Sevilla - Solar Tower PDF Print E-mail
Written by beaver   
Friday, 04 July 2008 14:57

Solar Tower is Europe’s first commercially operating power station using the Sun’s energy this way and at the moment its operator, Solucar, proudly claims that it generates 11 Megawatts (MW) of electricity without emitting a single puff of greenhouse gas. This current figure is enough to power up to 6,000 homes.

Solar tower 

 But ultimately, the entire plant should generate as much power as is used by the 600,000 people of Seville.
The solar tower is 115m (377ft) tall and surrounded by 600 steel reflectors (heliostats). They track the sun and direct its rays to a heat exchanger (receiver) at the top of the tower…

solar tower
The receiver converts concentrated solar energy from the heliostats into steam
Steam is stored in tanks and used to drive turbines that will produce enough electricity for up to 6,000 homes

 Solar tower

Images from BBC.co.uk

 
The Spread of the Black Plauge/Black Death/Bubonic Plague in Europe PDF Print E-mail
Written by beaver   
Friday, 04 July 2008 14:43

First of all what is Black Plauge/Black Death/Bubonic Plague?
The Black Death, or Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. It began in south-western Asia and spread to Europe by the late 1340s, where it received its name Black Death. The total number of deaths worldwide from the pandemic is estimated at 75 million people. The Black Death is estimated to have killed between a third and two-thirds of Europe’s population.
Thanks Wikipedia for this short info

 Black Plauge

What is the point of origin of the Black Plauge/Black Death/Bubonic Plague?
It may never be possible to identify the point of origin of the fourteenth-century plague with any precision. The disease had been endemic in several locations in Asia for centuries, flaring up occasionally and setting off the severe sixth-century pandemic. At any one of these sites an outbreak could have occurred that initiated the Black Death.


Where was the first recorded apperance of the Black Plauge/Black Death/Bubonic Plague?
The first recorded appearance of the plague in Europe was at Messina, Sicily in October of 1347. It arrived on trading ships that very likely came from the Black Sea, past Constantinople and through the Mediterranean. This was a fairly standard trade route that brought to European customers such items as silks and porcelain, which were carried overland to the Black Sea from as far away as China.
As soon as the citizens of Messina realized what horrible sickness had come aboard these ships, they expelled them from the port,but it was too late. Plague quickly raged through the city, and panicking victims fled, thus spreading it to the surrounding countryside. While Sicily was succumbing to the horrors of the disease, the expelled trading ships brought it to other areas around the Mediterranean, infecting the neighboring islands of Corsica and Sardinia by November.

Catapult
Tartars catapulted dead plague victims into the city
Meanwhile, plague had traveled from Sarai to the Genoese trading station of Tana, east of the Black Sea. Here Christian merchants were attacked by Tartars and chased to their fortress at Kaffa (Caffa). The Tartars besieged the city in November, but their siege was cut short when the Black Death struck. Before breaking off their attack, however, they catapulted dead plague victims into the city in the hopes of infecting its residents.
The defenders tried to divert the pestilence by throwing the bodies into the sea, but once a walled city had been struck by plague, its doom was sealed. As the inhabitants of Kaffa began to fall to the disease, the merchants boarded ships to sail home. But they could not escape the plague. When they arrived in Genoa and Venice in January of 1348, few passengers or sailors were left alive to tell the tale.

But few plague victims were all that was required to bring the deadly illness to mainland Europe.

 
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